A systematic literature review on insider threats

Insider threats is the most concerned cybersecurity problem which is poorly addressed by widely used security solutions. Despite the fact that there have been several scientific publications in this area, but from our innovative study classification and structural taxonomy proposals, we argue to provide the more information about insider threats and defense measures used to counter them. While adopting the current grounded theory method for a thorough literature evaluation, our categorization's goal is to organize knowledge in insider threat research. Along with an analysis of major recent studies on detecting insider threats, the major goal of the study is to develop a classification of current types of insiders, levels of access, motivations behind it, insider profiling, security properties, and methods they use to attack. This includes use of machine learning algorithm, behavior analysis, methods of detection and evaluation. Moreover, actual incidents related to insider attacks have also been analyzed

Metaseq: Privacy Preserving Meta-analysis of Sequencing-based Association Studies

Human genetics recently transitioned from GWAS to studies based on NGS data. For GWAS, small effects dictated large sample sizes, typically made possible through meta-analysis by exchanging summary statistics across consortia. NGS studies groupwise-test for association of multiple potentially-causal alleles along each gene. They are subject to similar power constraints and therefore likely to resort to meta-analysis as well. The problem arises when considering privacy of the genetic information during the data-exchange process. Many scoring schemes for NGS association rely on the frequency of each variant thus requiring the exchange of identity of the sequenced variant. As such variants are often rare, potentially revealing the identity of their carriers and jeopardizing privacy. We have thus developed MetaSeq, a protocol for meta-analysis of genome-wide sequencing data by multiple collaborating parties, scoring association for rare variants pooled per gene across all parties. We tackle the challenge of tallying frequency counts of rare, sequenced alleles, for meta-analysis of sequencing data without disclosing the allele identity and counts, thereby protecting sample identity. This apparent paradoxical exchange of information is achieved through cryptographic means. The key idea is that parties encrypt identity of genes and variants. When they transfer information about frequency counts in cases and controls, the exchanged data does not convey the identity of a mutation and therefore does not expose carrier identity. The exchange relies on a 3rd party, trusted to follow the protocol although not trusted to learn about the raw data. We show applicability of this method to publicly available exomesequencing data from multiple studies, simulating phenotypic information for powerful metaanalysis. The MetaSeq software is publicly available as open source

Effect of intense military exercise on physical proficiency and hormonal responses of soldiers: A pilot study

BACKGROUND: Military training activities are typically challenging and push the soldiers toward their maximum limits of capabilities to improve proficiency in real time situations. In terms of injury prevention, unit performance, and overall morale, the individual's physical capabilities must be in concert to the job demands. Hormones play an important role in regulating various physiological processes including fuel utilization by exercising muscles. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to quantify the hormonal demand of an intense military training event. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at a military training center on 25 male healthy soldiers who had completed 11 week training. Venous blood samples were drawn before and immediately after the event. RESULTS: In hormonal responses, the levels of epinephrine (P < 0.001), norepinephrine (P < 0.01), cortisol (P < 0.001), serotonin (P < 0.01), and aldosterone (P < 0.001) were significantly increased while testosterone (P < 0.001) was found significantly decreased after event. The present study demonstrated that the physical proficiency training activity was highly energy demanding due to significantly increased sympathoadrenergic responses and induced a high level of acute stress due to significant reduction of testosterone. In addition to this, the significantly increased serotonergic responses indicated that the level of fatigue was high during activity. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study may be helpful in screening of individuals before inducting into such intense military training activity to minimize the risk of injuries